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Endnotes
[1]
Rachel Kreier, Crossing the Cultural Divide,
American Medical News, Jan. 25, 1999.
[2]
Ian Robertson, Sociology, Wirth Publications,
Unit 2 -The Individual, Culture and Society,
p. 72.
[3]
Roberto Suro, Strangers Among Us, Alfred
A. Knopf, 1998, p. 23.
[4]
Quote from Dr. Juan Ramos, in pamphlet
"Connections — The Story of
COSSMHO and its 25 Years of Connecting
Communities and Creating Change",
National Alliance for Hispanic Health,
1998.
[5]
Elena Cohen, Goode T.D., Rationale for
Cultural Competence in Primary Health
Care. Policy Brief 1, National Center
for Cultural Competence, Winter, 1999.
[6]
Cross, TL, BJ Bazron, KW Dennis, and MR
Isaacs. "The Cultural Competence
Continuum" Toward a Culturally Competent
System of Care: A Monograph on Effective
Services for Minority Children Who Are
Severely Emotionally Disturbed. Washington,
DC: Child and Adolescent Service System
Program (CASSP) Technical Assistance Center,
Center for Child Health and Mental Health
Policy, Georgetown University Child Development
Center, 1989, p. 13. In Proyecto Informar:
Trainer's Manual. National Coalition of
Hispanic Health and Human Services Organizations
(National Alliance for Hispanic Health),
1998, p. 134.
[7]
Todd K., Samara N., Hoffman J., Ethnicity
as a Risk Factor for Inadequate
Emergency Department Analgesia. JAMA March
24/31, 1993. Vol. 269,
No.12.
[8]
Woloshin, S., Bickell, N., Shwartz, L.,
Gany, F., Welch, G. "Language Barriers
in Medicine in the United States."
JAMA, March 1, 1995.
[9]
U.S. Census Bureau 1996 as cited by Antonia
M. Villarruel, Ph.D., F.A.A.N.,
Carmen J. Portillo, Ph.D., R.N., Pamela
Kane, B.S.N., R.N., "Linguistic
Competency: Implications for Nursing Practice.”
A paper prepared for
National Alliance for Hispanic Health
Cultural Competence Series Project,
March, 1998.
[10]
Eliseo J. Pérez-Stable, M.D., Anna
Nápoles-Springer, M.P.H., and José
M. Miramontes, M.D., "The Effects
of Ethnicity and Language on Medical Outcomes
of Patients with Hypertension or Diabetes"
Medical Care 1997, Volume 35, Number 12,
pp. 1212–1219.
[11]
Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. Sec.
2000d (1988).
[12]
The Joint Commission on Accreditation
of Hospitals, Accreditation Manual for
Hospitals as cited by Rafael Metzger,
"Legal Issues in Care Delivery to
Hispanics: Civil Rights and Professional
Competence," A paper prepared for
National Alliance for Hispanic Health
Cultural Competence Series Project, April
1998.
[13]
Teresa M. Kielhorn, JD, LLM, "Reducing
Risk by Improving Communication",
Permanente Journal Home Page, Kaiser Permanente
Home Page www.kpnw.org, Summer, 1997.
[14]
Op. cit., K. Nakajima and D. Bidaillon,
“Communication issues in the managed
care environment,” 17 FORUM pp.
6–9 (1996).
[15]
National Alliance for Hispanic Health,
"Navigating Language Differences,"
Proyecto Informar Trainers Manual, National
Alliance for Hispanic Health,
pp. 107–123, 1998.
[16]
Ibid.
[17]
Antonia M. Villarruel, Ph.D., F.A.A.N.,
Carmen J. Portillo Ph.D., R.N., Pamela
Kane, B.S.N., R.N. "Linguistic Competency:
Implications for Nursing Practice.”
A paper prepared for National Alliance
for Hispanic Health Cultural Competency
Series Project, March, 1998.
[18]
From interview conducted with Texas State
Representative and pharmacist Leticia
Van de Putte for "Connections —
The Story of COSSMHO and its 25 Years
of Connecting Communities and Creating
Change," National Alliance for Hispanic
Health, 1998.
[19]
Duran, Deborah. Impact of Depression,
Cultural Determinants, Psychosocial Factors
and the Patient/Care-Provider Relationship
on Somatic Complaints of Distressed Latinas.
Dissertation, University of Denver, 1995.
[20]
Escobar, Javier. “Cross-cultural
aspects of the somatization trait.”
Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 38(4),
pp. 167–178, 1987; and Guarnaccia,
P.; DelaCancela, V. & Carrillo E.
“The Multiple Meaning of Ataques
de Nervios in the Latino Community”.
Medical Anthropology, 11, pp. 47–62,
1989.
[21]
Koss, J.D. “Somatization and somatic
complaint syndromes among Hispanics: Overview
and ethnopsychological perspective.”
Transcultural Psychiatric Research Review,
27, 5–29, 1990; and Duran, Deborah.
Impact of Depression, Cultural Determinants,
Psychosocial Factors and the Patient/Care-Provider
Relationship on Somatic Complaints of
Distressed Latinas. Dissertation, University
of Denver, 1995.
[22]
Duran, Deborah. Impact of Depression,
Cultural Determinants, Psychosocial Factors
and the Patient/Care-Provider Relationship
on Somatic Complaints of Distressed Latinas.
Dissertation, University of Denver, 1995;
and Escobar, Javier. “Cross-cultural
aspects of the somatization trait.”
Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 38(4),
pp. 167–178, 1987.
[23]
Jane L. Delgado, Ph.D., Salud —
A Latina's Guide to Total Health —
Body, Mind, and Spirit. Harper Collins,
1997.
[24]
Duran, D. “Lack of Hispanic Involvement
in Research — Is it Hispanics or
Scientists.” Community Genetics
pp. 183–189, 1998.
[25]
Ibid.
[26]
Ibid.
[27]
Ibid.
[28]
Ilan Stavans, The Hispanic Condition,
Harper-Collins, 1995, p. 27.
[29]
David Helvarg, The War Against the Greens,
Sierra Club Books, 1997, p. 44.
[30]
US Bureau of the Census. "The Hispanic
Population. in the United States:1996."
[31]
US Bureau of the Census. Current Population
Reports, Dec. 1997. Detailed Cross-Tabulations
for Puerto Rico, Aug. 1994.
[32]
US Bureau of the Census. Current Population
Reports, Dec. 1997.
[33]
Duran, Deborah. Impact of Depression,
Cultural Determinants, Psychosocial Factors
and the Patient/Care-Provider Relationship
on Somatic Complaints of Distressed Latinas.
Dissertation, University of Denver, 1995.
[34]
Collins FS, Guyer MS, Chakravarit A .
“Variations on a theme: Catalog
human DNA sequence variation.” Science
1997; 278: pp. 1580–1581, 1997.
[35]
Committee on Human Genome Diversity, Commission
on Life Sciences, National Research Council:
Evaluating Human Genetic Diversity. Washington,
National Academy Press, 1997.
[36]
Foster M, Bernsten D, Carter T,: “A
model agreement for genetic research in
socially identifiable populations.”
Am J. Human Genetic 63, pp. 696–702.1995.
[37]
US Bureau of the Census. "Population
Projections of the United States..."
in Current Population Reports p. 25–1130,
Feb. 1996.
[38]
US Bureau of the Census. Current Population
Reports p. 25–1130, Feb. 1966.
[39]
National Alliance for Hispanic Health
"Delivering Preventive Health Care
To Hispanics" A Manual For Providers,
p. 29, 1996.
[40]
National Alliance for Hispanic Health
"Delivering Preventive Health Care
To Hispanics" A Manual For Providers,
p. 30.
[41]
US Bureau of the Census. Current Population
Reports p. 25–1130, Feb. 1966.
[42]
National Alliance for Hispanic Health
"Delivering Preventive Health Care
To Hispanics" A Manual For Providers,
p. 30.
[43]
US Department of Health and Human Services,
"Tobacco Use Among US Racial/Ethnic
Minority Groups: A report to the Surgeon
General." Office of Smoking or Health,
1998.
[44]
National Institute of Drug Abuse, "Racial
Comparisons of Lifetime, Annual, Thirty-day,
and Daily Prevalence of Use of Various
Drugs." Monitoring the Future Study,
1998.
[45]
"Nuestras Voces, Our Voices."
A report on Hispanic teens and smoking,
National Alliance for Hispanic Health,
1998.
[46]
National Alliance for Hispanic Health
"Delivering Preventive Health Care
To Hispanics" A Manual For Providers,
pp. 32–33.
[47]
National Alliance for Hispanic Health
"Delivering Preventive Health Care
To Hispanics" A Manual For Providers,
p. 33.
[48]
National Alliance for Hispanic Health
"Delivering Preventive Health Care
To Hispanics" A Manual For Providers,
p. 33.
[49]
National Alliance for Hispanic Health
"Delivering Preventive Health Care
To Hispanics" A Manual For Providers,
p. 34.
[50]
National Alliance for Hispanic Health
"Delivering Preventive Health Care
To Hispanics" A Manual For Providers,
p. 34.
[51]
National Alliance for Hispanic Health
"Delivering Preventive Health Care
To Hispanics" A Manual For Providers,
p. 35.
[52]
National Alliance for Hispanic Health
"Delivering Preventive Health Care
To Hispanics" A Manual For Providers,
p. 36.
[53]
National Alliance for Hispanic Health
"Delivering Preventive Health Care
To Hispanics" A Manual For Providers,
p. 36.
[54]
Aguirre-Molina and Caetano, R. “Alcohol
use and alcohol-related issues.”
In: Molina, CW and Aguirre-Molina M eds.
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Endnotes
[55]
Randolph , W.M.; Stroup-Benham, C.; Black,
S.; Markides, K. “Alcohol use among
Cuban-Americans, Mexican-Americans and
Puerto Ricans.” Alcohol Use Among
Special Populations, Alcohol Health and
Research World. 22, 4, pp. 265–269.
[56]
Canino, G.; Burnam, A.; Caetano, R. “The
prevalence of alcohol abuse and/or dependence
in two Hispanic communities.” In:
Helzer, J. and canino G., eds Alcoholism
in North America, Europe and Asia, pp.
131–154. 1992.
[57]
Randolph , W.M.; Stroup-Benham, C.; Black,
S.; Markides, K. “Alcohol use among
Cuban-Americans, Mexican-Americans and
Puerto Ricans.” Alcohol Use Among
Special Populations, Alcohol Health and
Research World. 22, 4, pp. 265–269.
[58]
Black, S.A. and Markides, K.S. “Acculturation
and alcohol consumption in Puerto Rican,
Cuban American and Mexican American women
in the United States.” American
Journal of Public Health 83(6): pp. 890–893,
1993.
[59]
National Alliance for Hispanic Health
"Delivering Preventive Health Care
To Hispanics" A Manual For Providers,
pp. 36–37.
[60]
CDC. "Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance
— United States, 1995." CDC
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MMWR 1996.
[61]
National Alliance for Hispanic Health
"Delivering Preventive Health Care
To Hispanics" A Manual For Providers,
p. 38.
[62]
National Alliance for Hispanic Health
"Delivering Preventive Health Care
To Hispanics" A Manual For Providers,
p. 38.
[63]
Wernette and Nieves, 1991. "Minorities
and Air Pollution: A Preliminary Geographic
Demographic Analysis." Presented
at Socioeconomic Research Analysis Conference,
June 27–28, 1991.
[64]
National Alliance for Hispanic Health
"Delivering Preventive Health Care
To Hispanics" A Manual For Providers,
p. 39.
[65]
National Alliance for Hispanic Health
"Delivering Preventive Health Care
To Hispanics" A Manual For Providers,
pp. 44–45.
[66]
Centers for Disease Control "HIV/AIDS
Surveillance Report," 1997.
[67]
National Alliance for Hispanic Health
"Delivering Preventive Health Care
To Hispanics" A Manual For Providers,
p. 47.
[68]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report, 1997; 9
(No.1): pp. 9–10.
Endnotes
[69]
Surveillance Epidemiology End Results,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes
of Health, 1995.
[70]
Surveillance Epidemiology End Results,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes
of Health, 1995.
[71]
National Center for Health Statistics.
"Report of Final Mortality Statistics,
1995." Monthly Vital Statistics Report,
Vol. 45, No. 1, Supplement 2.
[72]
National Alliance for Hispanic Health
"Delivering Preventive Health Care
To Hispanics" A Manual For Providers,
p. 48.
[73]
Interagency Board for Nutrition Monitoring
and Related Research. "Third Report
on Nutrition Monitoring in the US, Volume
One." December, 1995.
[74]
National Alliance for Hispanic Health
"Delivering Preventive Health Care
To Hispanics" A Manual For Providers,
pp. 48–49.
[75]
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive
Kidney Diseases. "Diabetes in Hispanic
Americans." NIH publication No. 98-3265.
June 1998.
[76]
Vega, W. and Amaro, H. “Lifetime
prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders
among rural and urban Mexican Americans
in California.” Archives of General
Psychiatry; 55, pp. 771–782, 1998.
[77]
Duran, Deborah. Impact of Depression,
Cultural Determinants, Psychosocial Factors
and the Patient/Care-Provider Relationship
on Somatic Complaints of Distressed Latinas.
Dissertation, University of Denver, 1995.
[78]
Al-Issa, I. “Ethnicity, immigration
and psychopathology”. In Al-Issa
and Tousignant, M. eds. Ethnicity, Immigration
and Psychopathology. New York: Plenum,
pp. 3–15, 1997.
[79]
Vega, W. and Amaro, H. “Lifetime
prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders
among rural and urban Mexican Americans
in California.” Archives of General
Psychiatry; 55, pp. 771–782, 1998.
[80]
Robert Suro, Strangers Among Us, Alfred
A. Knopf, 1998, p. 51.
[81]
Robert Suro, Strangers Among Us, Alfred
A. Knopf, 1998, p. 51.
[82]
National Alliance for Hispanic Health
"Delivering Preventive Health Care
To Hispanics" A Manual For Providers,
pp. 52–53.
[83]
Ilan Stavans, The Hispanic Condition,
Harper-Collins, 1995, p. 79–82,
and other historic sources.
[84]
As Reported in "Project HEAL —
Responding to Community Needs from within
the Community," National Alliance
for Hispanic Health, 1998.
[85]
National Alliance for Hispanic Health
"Delivering Preventive Health Care
To Hispanics" A Manual For Providers,
p. 102.
[86]
"Project HEAL — Responding
to Community Needs from within the Community,"
National Alliance for Hispanic Health,
1998.
[87]
Both the Chicago and Los Angeles examples
are reported in "Project HEAL —
Responding to Community Needs From Within
the Community," National Alliance
for Hispanic Health, 1998.
[88]
“Prenatal Hotline Celebrates First
Birthday,” The COSSMHO Reporter,
Vol. 23, No. 2 March, 1998–June,
1998, p. 10, and additional interviews.
[89]
Murray, C.J. & Lopez, A.D. “The
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assessment of mortality and disability
from disease, injuries, and risk factors
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Boston: Harvard School of Public Health,
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[90]
Vega, W. “Gaps in service utilization
by Mexican Americans with mental health
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156, pp. 928–934, 1999.
[91]
Leaf, P. “Mental health service
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Hiatt, R. “Behavioral Research Contributions
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[93]
Juana Mora, Ph.D. “Cultural and
Linguistic Competence in Substance Abuse
Prevention for U.S. Latinos.”, A
Paper Prepared for the National Alliance
for Hispanic Health, Cultural Competency
Series Project, March, 1998, p. 89.
[94]
As reported in “Nuestra Voces, Our
Voices.” A Report on Hispanic Teens
and Smoking, COSSMHO, 1998. p. 90.
[95]
As reported in “Nuestra Voces, Our
Voices.” A Report on Hispanic Teens
ans Smoking, COSSMHO, 1998. p. 91.
[96]
Uniform Crime Reports, Annual Report.
Federal Bureau of Investigation, U.S.
government. 1997.
[97]
Juvenile Justice Facts and Figures, Annual
Report. Office of Juvenile Justice and
Delinqueny Prevention, 1997.
[98]
"Project HEAL — Responding
to Community Needs from Within the Community,"
National Alliance for Hispanic Health,
1998.
[99]
National Alliance for Hispanic Health
"Delivering Preventive Health Care
To Hispanics" A Manual For Providers,
pp. 58–59.
Endnotes
[100]
Agency for Health Care Policy and Research.
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[101]
Knox H. Todd, M.D., Nigel Samaroo; Jerome
R. Hoffman, M.D. "Ethnicity as a
Risk Factor for Inadequate Emergency Department
Analgesia." JAMA, March pp. 24–31,
1993, Volume 269.
[102]
US Bureau of the Census. "Employed
Civilians, by Occupation, Sex, Race, and
Hispanic Origin: 1995." Current Population
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[103]
National Alliance for Hispanic Health
"Delivering Preventive Health Care
To
Hispanics" A Manual For Providers,
pp. 54–55.
[104]
Carolina Reyes, M.D. Martin Montoro, M.D.,
Maria Victor, R.N., C.D.E., Norma Chavez,
R.N., C.D.E., Siri Kjos, M.D. "Evaluation
of a Culturally Competent Outpatient Management
Program of Insulin-Requiring Diabetes
in Pregnancy in a Latina Population."
Women's and Children's Hospital University
of Southern California School of Medicine.
A paper prepared for National Alliance
for Hispanic Health Cultural Competency
Series, 1998.
[105]
National Center for Health Statistics.
"Health United States 1990."
[106]
Project Summary Memo from Latino Community
Development Agency, 420 SW 10th St., Oklahoma
City, OK 73109 to National Alliance for
Hispanic Health, 1501 Sixteenth St. NW,
Washington DC, 20036, July, 1998.
[107]
From interview with Mamae Teklemariam,
Community Health Services,
Harbor View Medical Center, conducted
for National Alliance for Hispanic
Health, July, 1998.
[108]
From interview with Pete Duarte, C.E.O.
Thomason Hospital, El Paso, Texas, conducted
for the National Alliance for Hispanic
Health, July, 1998.
[109]
From interview with Pete Duarte, C.E.O.
Thomason Hospital, El Paso, Texas, conducted
for the National Alliance for Hispanic
Health, July, 1998. |
