U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, U.S. Department of Labor, Improving Access to Mainstream Services for People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness, Hyatt Denver Tech Center, Denver Colorado, October 27-29, 2003

 

Slide 1:

CHARACTERISTICS & SERVICE NEEDS OF PEOPLE EXPERIENCING CHRONIC HOMELESSNESS

Slide 2:

Chronic Homelessness

HHS, HUD, and VA use the following working definition in their collaborations:

  • An unaccompanied homeless individual with a disabling condition who has either been continuously homeless for a year or has had at least four (4) episodes of homelessness in the past three (3) years.

Slide 3:

How Many?

  • 80% of the estimated 2-3 million people who experience homelessness each year exit within 3-4 weeks
  • 10% are homeless more episodically
  • 10% experience chronic homelessness

Slide 4:

Why Address Chronic Homelessness?

  • They have greater difficulty exiting homelessness on their own
  • Although small in numbers, they use half of all emergency assistance for people who are homeless
  • Placing them in supportive housing saves money

Slide 5:

Who Are They?

  • At least 75% male, 40% of whom are veterans
  • At least 40% African American
  • Tend to be older

Slide 6:

What Issues Do They Face?

  • 40% have substance use disorders
  • 25% have physical disabilities or disabling health conditions
  • 20% have serious mental illnesses
  • 66% have more than one of these conditions

Slide 7:

What Prevents Them from Exiting Homelessness?

  • Persistent poverty
  • Lack of affordable housing
  • Disabling health and behavioral health conditions
  • Service system barriers

Slide 8:

Poverty

  • Most rely on public entitlement programs (e.g., SSI, SSDI, VA) for income
  • Even with income support, they remain below the federal poverty level
  • Many do not receive benefits they are entitled to
  • People with a primary diagnosis of a substance use disorder are not eligible for SSI

Slide 9:

Housing

  • Lack of affordable housing options for low-income people
  • People with disabilities on SSI must pay 105% of income to rent a one-bedroom unit at Fair Market Rent
  • Average wait for Section 8 rental assistance is now more than two years

Slide 10:

Disability

  • Have multiple needs that can’t be addressed by one system
  • Burden of accessing and coordinating services and treatment falls on the individual
  • Stigma and discrimination are major barriers to accessing housing and services

Slide 11:

Service System Barriers

  • Service systems and funding are fragmented
  • Administrative procedures are restrictive and burdensome
  • Resources (housing and services) are insufficient
  • Treatment and services programs often are ineffective

Slide 12:

What works? -Core Services

  • Outreach and engagement
  • A range of housing options with flexible support services
  • Clinical case management
  • Integrated health and behavioral health care
    • Substance abuse treatment
    • Primary health care
    • Mental health treatment
  • Income support and entitlement assistance

Slide 13:

What works? -Supportive Services

  • Rehabilitation, training and employment services
  • Life skills training
  • Legal assistance
  • Transportation

Slide 14:

What works? -Prevention Services

  • Comprehensive discharge planning from shelters, hospitals, and jails
  • Time-limited, intensive supports during periods of transition
  • Crisis intervention

Slide 15:

The Challenge…

  • To ensure that people who experience chronic homelessness have full access to both targeted and mainstream programs

Slide 16:

Mainstream Federal Programs

Income/Employment

  • Department of Labor programs
  • SSI/SSDI
  • TANF

Services

  • Medicaid
  • Mental Health Block Grant
  • Substance Abuse Block Grant
  • Community Health Centers
  • Community Services Block Grant
  • Social Services Block Grant

Housing

  • Section 8
  • HOME
  • HOPWA
  • Community Development Block Grant
  • Section 811

Veterans Programs

Slide 17:

Creating A Comprehensive Service System for Homelessness

  • Support concept of “No Wrong Door” to services
  • Provide services determined by evidence to be effective
  • Change ineffective policies or regulations
  • Leverage existing resources
  • Use mainstream resources
  • Pursue new resources

Slide 18:

Steps to Achieving a Comprehensive Service System

  • Involve Key Stakeholders
  • Establish a formal plan
  • Build linkages and partnerships from top-down and bottom-up
  • Enhance funding and other resources
  • Streamline the administration of funding
  • Perform ongoing monitoring and quality assurance

Slide 19:

Build Linkages and Partnerships —Strategies

  • Interagency coordinating body
  • Dedicated staff support
  • Interagency agreements or MOUs
  • Cross-training
  • Co-location of services
  • Pooled or joint funding
  • Interagency MIS
  • Uniform applications
  • Flexible funding

Slide 20:

Enhance Funding and Other Resources

  • Discretionary resources (e.g., general fund)
  • Mainstream programs
  • Dedicated revenue stream
  • Matching contributions
  • Incentives

Slide 21:

Streamline Administration of Funding

  • Interagency agreements
  • Legislative mandates
  • Blended/braided funding
  • Pooled funding
  • Separate funding but single application process
  • Coordinated funding priorities

Slide 22:

Perform Monitoring and Quality Assurance

  • Establish consistent data collection, performance standards, reporting requirements
  • Create single point of accountability
  • Tie quality assurance to funding